How A Speaker Works - Its Mechanism

How does a speakers work!

If you’ve ever asked yourself this question, then this blog post is for you. It’s an in-depth answer to common questions about how a speaker works and gives you the information you need to know.

There are many types of speakers out there, and they all do slightly different things. Some work by converting electrical energy into sound waves, while others use air pressure waves or vibrations that we can’t hear to create sound.

What Is A Speaker?

How a Speaker Works by speakerjournal.com

A Speaker gadget that converts electrical energy into sound waves. It does this by using electromagnetism, and basically, you can think of a speaker as being a microphone that has been turned around, so it’s outputting sound instead of recording it

You might also hear speakers being referred to as transducers, which means converting one type of energy into another.

The very first speakers were invented in the 19th century, in 1876, to be precise. Alexander Graham Bell created the basic design of a modern speaker, which is still used today when he invented the telephone. The first speaker was used to speak into and helped Bell talk with his assistant, Watson, although it would have been a very different sound to the one that you are used to hearing today.

What is Traditional speakers?

Traditional speakers are actually less energy efficient than incandescent lightbulbs, which have largely been banned at this point! In fact, traditional loudspeakers are among the least efficient technologies we still use today. A speaker converts only 1% of the power it receives into sound. Most speakers energy is converted into heat. 

Types And Working Of Speakers

There are many different types of speakers, all with their own unique way of working. I have listed a few different examples below:

Dynamic

Uses electromagnetism to change electrical energy into sound waves and is the most common type used in speakers today.

Ribbon

This speaker works by using air pressure or vibrations that we can’t hear, which are created when an electrical current is passed through a thin piece of metal called a ribbon. They produce very clear sounds but aren’t often seen being used anymore since they don’t work especially well for low frequencies like bass notes do.  

Electrostatic (ESL)

These types of speakers use electrically charged diaphragms to creates sound waves rather than magnets as found in dynamic ones, hence why it is also known as the capacitor-driven speaker. The speakers of this type are commonly used in headphones and high-quality stereo systems, but they require a very large amplifier to power them, which makes them rather expensive, so they haven’t seen too much anymore either.

What Are The Parts Of A Speaker?

How a Speaker Works by speakerjournal.com

A speaker has a few different parts to it, each of which does something specific. The main ones are the magnet and speaker cone (also known as a diaphragm), and then there is also the amplifier.

The magnet in a speaker is what helps to convert electrical energy into sound wave. It works by using electromagnetism which basically means that there is a current running through it, and this causes the magnetic force to be generated.

How speakers work? Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy (motion) by speakers.  Mechanical energy can compress air and transform motion into sound energy or sound pressure level (SPL).  

A coil of wire induces a magnetic field when an electric current is sent through it. Speakers produce sound by sending current through the voice coil, which generates an electric field that interacts with the field of a permanent magnet attached to the speaker. Charges with like charges repel one another while charges with different charges attract.  

When an audio signal is sent through a voice coil and the musical waveform moves up and down, a permanent magnet attracts and repels the voice coil. The voice coil’s cone moves back and forth as a result. With the changing magnetic field of the voice coil that is proportional to the audio signal, the permanent magnetic field now interacts with the changing magnetic field of the magnetic structure.  

The cone, also known as a diaphragm in speakers, has holes drilled into its center, which produce sound waves to pass through them when they are moved back and forth by electromagnetism. They are connected to a voice coil which is basically an electrical conductor that has been coiled around, so it creates a magnetic field when current runs through it, and this interacts with the speaker magnet, moving the cone back and forth in order to produce sounds of different frequencies.

The amplifier on the speakers takes the electrical current coming from the amplifier in your stereo system and uses it to power the speaker. In some cases, there might be a separate amp built into the speaker, but most of them will have an integrated one which is why you often see speakers having different types of plugs on them such as USB or TRS jack – this allows for more options when it comes to powering them.

Finally, we have the crossover, a speaker box is called crossover which is basically a filter that separates different frequencies and allows each of their sounds to be directed to the correct speaker cone. This is what allows for a variety of sounds and frequencies to be played through one speaker at once without them getting muddled up.

What Is The Frequency Response, And Why Is It So Important?

Frequency response is basically how well a speaker can play sounds of different frequencies, and the higher up on the frequency scale you go, the harder it becomes for it to be able to produce them.

A speaker’s frequency response is measured in Hertz, and this basically means that the low frequency, such as bass notes, will have a better response than higher ones like treble since they are easier for speakers to reproduce. This is why you often find two different types of amps built into your stereo amplifier, one which is better suited to playing bass notes and the other for treble.

One of the main reasons why frequency response is so important for speakers is that different sounds will have varying levels of volume depending upon how high up on the scale they are, with low frequency being naturally louder sound than higher ones. So if a speaker has a poor frequency response, it could be really loud at the low end but then quiet and hard to hear anything else, which is why you need a speaker with a good sound frequencies response.

How Can Speakers Improve?

Speakers can improve in a number of different ways, most notably with the quality of their materials. For example, car speakers are usually made from plastic or paper as these materials are better suited to withstand the heat and vibrations that they will be exposed to overtime.

The Benefits Of Using A Good Quality Speaker System

How a Speaker Works by speakerjournal.com
  • Better sound quality
  • Longer lasting speakers
  • Cheaper in the long run than replacing your old ones after a few years.

FAQ'S

Do the speakers need separate amps?

No, they usually come with an integrated amp that converts the electrical current coming from your stereo system into power for them to work.

How does a good speaker differ from an OK one?

A speaker’s fidelity is best judged by how similar the waveform in the air (the pressure wave) is to the electronic signal (the sound recording) that was sent to the amplifier. It is most likely that a superb speaker accurately reproduces every frequency without adding or removing any information.  

Why do car speakers have different types of jacks on them?

One of the jacks will have a higher amp for bass notes and one with a lower amp for treble. This is so you can play a variety of different sounds without them getting muddled up.

How are frequency response and wattage related to speakers?

 Frequency response is how well a speaker can play sounds of different frequencies, and wattage refers to the power that speakers need in order to function.

Do they improve over time or when you upgrade your stereo system?

Sometimes, it depends upon how old they are. If you get speakers that have a poor frequency response when they are new, then it can be difficult to improve them due to their design, but if you get speakers that are already well suited for playing various frequencies, then they will only become better over time when you upgrade your stereo amplifier.

What are the advantages of using a good quality speaker system?

Better sound quality, longer-lasting speakers and cheaper in the long run since you won’t have to replace them as often.